Rayleigh wave separation using high-resolution time-frequency polarization filter     

Mohsen Kazemnia Kakhki  Webe J. Mansur  Franciane C. Peters 《Geophysical Prospecting》2020,68(7):2104-2118

Obtaining geological information from seismic data motivates researchers to innovate and improve seismic wave processing tools. Polarization-based methods have received much attention regarding their ability to discriminate between different phases of the seismic wave based on polarity. Combining the intuitive definition of polarity in the frequency domain (monochromatic waves) with the non-stationary properties provided by time-domain methods, time-frequency approaches are attracting widespread interest because they localize the information extracted from the seismic waves in the joint time and frequency domains. Due to the lack of high-resolution time-frequency maps, the time-frequency polarization approach was not able to resolve specific temporal polarity changes in the seismic signal. The main objective of this study was to devise a robust time-frequency-based polarization filtering method using high-resolution polarization attributes obtained directly from the sparse time-frequency map without using Eigen analysis or analytic signals. The method proposed here utilizes a computationally effective sparsity-based adaptive S-transform to obtain a high-resolution polarization map of an inherently non-stationary seismogram for the entire frequency content of the signal at different times. The superiority of the proposed method over the S-transform method was verified using synthetic and real data sets to calculate the polarization attributes in the time-frequency domain and separate the Rayleigh waves from the seismogram.  相似文献   

A Search for Freshwater in the Saline Aquifer of Coastal Bangladesh     

Chelsea N. Peters  George M. Hornberger 《Ground water》2020,58(4):645-660

In the polder region of coastal Bangladesh, shallow groundwater is primarily brackish with unpredictable occurrence of freshwater pockets. Delta building processes, including the codeposition of fresh-to-saline porewater and sediments, have formed the shallow aquifer. Impermeable clay facies and the lack of a topographical gradient limit the flow of groundwater and its mixing with surface water so controls on spatial variability of salinity are not obvious. By characterizing groundwater-surface water (GW-SW) interactions, this study attempted to identify areas of potable groundwater for the polder communities. We used transects of piezometers, cores, electromagnetic induction, and water chemistry surveys to explore two sources of potential fresh groundwater: (1) tidal channel-aquifer exchange and (2) meteoric recharge. Fresh groundwater proved difficult to find due to heterogeneous subsurface lithology, asymmetrical tidal dynamics, extreme seasonal fluctuations in rainfall, and limited field data. Geophysical observations suggest substantial lateral variability in shallow subsurface conductivity profiles. Piezometers show varying degrees of tidal pressure attenuation away from the channels. Nevertheless, the active exchange of freshwater appears to be limited due to low permeability of banks and surface sediments. Results indicate that pockets of fresh groundwater cannot be identified using readily available hydrogeological methods, so alternative drinking water sources should be pursued. By better understanding the hydrogeology of the system, however, communities will be better equipped to redirect water management resources to more feasible and sustainable drinking water options.  相似文献   

Principles and methods for determining ecological criteria on hydrobiocenoses: Editors: R. Amavis and J. Smeets (1976). Proceedings of the European Scientific Colloquium,Luxembourg 1975; 531 pp. Price: £16.00     

John Peters 《Marine pollution bulletin》1977,8(7):168

  相似文献   

Coordinated Observations of Comet Hale–Bopp between 32 and 860 GHz     

Wink  J. E.  Altenhoff  W. J.  Bieging  J.  Butler  B.  Butner  H.  Haslam  C.G.T.  Kreysa  E.  Martin  R.  Mauersberger  R.  McMullin  J.  Muders  D.  Peters  W.  Schmidt  J.  Schraml  J. B.  Sievers  A.  Stumpff  P.  Von Kapp-Herr  A.  Thum  C.  Zylka  R. 《Earth, Moon, and Planets》1997,77(3):165-165

Earth, Moon, and Planets - The concept of simultaneous multifrequency continuum observations, successfully tested on Comet Hyakutake, was applied to Comet Hale-Bopp, using the Heinrich Hertz...  相似文献   

Population education resources     

Larkin RP  Peters GL 《The Journal of geography》1981,80(5):186-189

This article provides information on those population education materials and services which are available from the Population Reference Bureau (PRB) and explores their usefulness in secondary school and college environments. PRB data sheets are a most useful source of information. Demographic and socioeconomic information (birth and death rates, natural increase, population doubling times, projections for the year 2000, life expectancies, per capita gross national product, etc.) are included. The World's Women Data Sheet is a special publication issued to mark the midway point of the UN Decade for Women. 161 countries are included with information on demographic, health, employment, and educational status of women. There is a nominal cost for these data sheets. To help students learn about population dynamics and world patterns of population, mapping exercises can be developed. The Population Bulletin is published 6 times/year and each issue concentrates on specific aspects of population. The 28 bulletins which have been published since January 1976 are listed. The PRB Chart Series is a multicolor graphic presentation of topical issues in population and development trends worldwide. A total of 26 charts in 4 series have been produced and cover such topics as world population growth, urbanization, world energy consumption, age structure in the U.S., and adolescent pregnancy in the U.S. This material is best used with high school students. A monthly international population news magazine called Intercom is desinged to inform about worldwide trends and activities in population and family planning. It is published in both English and Spanish and is a useful source of current information in capsulized form. For population educators there is the bimonthly newsletter Interchange. PRB's teaching-learning modules are valuable publications for teachers. Thus far there are 9, each of which is a self-contained unit with classroom activities for junior high to college students. Each one outlines a problem and then presents methods which can stimulate discussion and provoke interest. 2 special publications on special interest topics (Population Handbook; Population Education: Sources and Resources) are described. PRB may well be the best single source of population education materials which will hopefully be used and incorporated into teaching.  相似文献   

Precise determination of uranium in rocks and minerals by neutron activation analysis using ¹³³I fission product     

G. Del Fiore  J.M. Peters  I. Roelandts 《Chemical Geology》1974,13(4):309-319

A radiochemical neutron activation technique for uranium determination in rock and mineral samples is presented. The method is based on an alkaline fusion, a selective oxidation of iodine by a sodium-nitrite solution, followed by an iodine distillation technique for the isolation of the ¹³³I produced in fission. The outlined scheme is rapid, sensitive and reliable. Determination of uranium in U.S. Geological Survey standard rocks (G-1, W-1, G-2, BCR-1, AGV-1, GSP-1), C.R.P.G. Nancy geochemical standards (GA, GH, BR, Mica-Fe, Mica-Mg), C.A.A.S. reference syenite rocks (SY-1, SY-2, SY-3) and other analysed rock samples are reported. These results are compared with those obtained by other methods.  相似文献   

Chemometric Differentiation of Oil Families and Their Potential Source Rocks in the Gulf of Suez     

El Diasty  W. Sh.  El Beialy  S. Y.  Mostafa  A. R.  Abo Ghonaim  A. A.  Peters  K. E. 《Natural Resources Research》2020,29(3):2063-2102

Natural Resources Research - An oil–oil and oil–source rock correlation study was carried out using chemometric methods applied to geochemical data for 123 Upper Cretaceous—Lower...  相似文献   

The evolving perceptual model of streamflow generation at the Panola Mountain Research Watershed     

Brent T. Aulenbach  Richard P. Hooper  H. J. van Meerveld  Douglas A. Burns  James E. Freer  James B. Shanley  Thomas G. Huntington  Jeffrey J. McDonnell  Norman E. Peters 《水文研究》2021,35(4):e14127

The Panola Mountain Research Watershed (PMRW) is a 41-hectare forested catchment within the Piedmont Province of the Southeastern United States. Observations, experimentation, and numerical modelling have been conducted at Panola over the past 35 years. But to date, these studies have not been fully incorporated into a more comprehensive synthesis. Here we describe the evolving perceptual understanding of streamflow generation mechanisms at the PMRW. We show how the long-term study has enabled insights that were initially unforeseen but are also unachievable in short-term studies. In particular, we discuss how the accumulation of field evidence, detailed site characterization, and modelling enabled a priori hypotheses to be formed, later rejected, and then further refined through repeated field campaigns. The extensive characterization of the soil and bedrock provided robust process insights not otherwise achievable from hydrometric measurements and numerical modelling alone. We focus on two major aspects of streamflow generation: the role of hillslopes (and their connection to the riparian zone) and the role of catchment storage in controlling fluxes and transit times of water in the catchment. Finally, we present location-independent hypotheses based on our findings at PMRW and suggest ways to assess the representativeness of PMRW in the broader context of headwater watersheds.  相似文献   

Three‐dimensional modeling of problems in poro‐elasticity via a mixed least‐squares method using linear tetrahedral elements     

Maria Tchonkova  John Peters  Stein Sture 《国际地质力学数值与分析法杂志》2011,35(15):1656-1681

In a previous publication we developed a new mixed least‐squares method for poro‐elasticity. The approximate solution was obtained via a minimization of a least‐squares functional, based upon the equations of equilibrium, the equations of continuity and weak forms of the constitutive relationships for elasticity and Darcy flow. The formulation involved four independent types of variables: displacements, stresses, pore pressures and velocities. All of them were approximated by linear continuous triangles. Encouraged by the computational results, obtained from the two‐dimensional implementation of the method, we extended our formulation to three dimensions. In this paper we present numerical examples for the performance of continuous linear tetrahedra within the context of the mixed least‐squares method. The initial results suggest that the method works well in the nearly and entirely incompressible limits for elasticity. For poro‐elasticity, the obtained pore pressures are stable without exhibiting the oscillations, which are observed when the standard Galerkin formulation is used. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

Analyzing Yengisogat Glacier surface velocities with ALOS PALSAR data feature tracking, Karakoram, China   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

Zong-li Jiang  Shi-yin Liu  Juliane Peters  Jian Lin  Si-chun Long  Yong-shun Han  Xin Wang 《Environmental Earth Sciences》2012,67(4):1033-1043

Little is known about the detailed behavior of glaciers in the Karakoram Mountains. Advanced land observing satellite (ALOS) phased array type L-band synthetic aperture radar (PALSAR) data were used to obtain the surface velocity of the Yengisogat Glacier in the Karakoram Mountains. Four ALOS PALSAR data sets with 46?days temporal baseline acquired from 2007 to 2009 covered all four seasons and were used to extract the offset fields and estimate annual average surface velocity based on seasonal velocities. For the ALOS PALSAR data the synthetic aperture radar (SAR) feature-tracking procedures within the GAMMA software were utilized instead of SAR interferometry because of low coherence in case of fast-moving glaciers or large time intervals between the image acquisitions. The accuracy of the measurements is discussed, and the measurements were consistent with previous results from optical imagery feature tracking. It was revealed that the south tributaries contributed to the main flow of the glacier, with the glacier surface velocities of the south tributaries moving more rapidly than the north tributaries. This was mainly attributed to the effect of the glacier??s aspect in the glacier long-term development point of view. Seasonal and spatial variations of the glacier surface velocity imply that the tributary South Skamri Glacier is probably surging. This has previously been mentioned by some researchers such as Copland et al. The Equilibrium Line Altitude was found to be at about 5,000?m a.s.l for south tributaries, estimated from the surface velocity distribution along the glacier centerline.  相似文献